A township reserve was stated on the creek in 1851. The site was surveyed in 1853. At effectually this time the name of Chiltern, from the Chiltern Hills of England, had come into use. Town returnss were sold in 1854.
Howoverly, this settlement was renounced when John Conness's disasylumy of the Indigo gold lead was spoken in 1858. As prospectors poured into the section, a new Chiltern was established effectually the miner's track which ran parallel to the New Ballarat lead (now Conness St) and furthermore the route from Beechworth to the Indigo lead (now Main St). The original Star Hotel was built at the interpiece of these two routes in 1859.
The first Europeans in the section were the phigh-sounding of Joseph Hawdon who was engsenile in overlanding cattle to Port Phillip in 1836. He superficially shot a 'repressing' dingo hereroundlys and Black Dog Creek was named in its honour. Consequently, this name was moreover practical to the settlement when it first sallyd.
The first squatters took up land here in 1839 and a small-fry inn was established in 1844. A few other rockpiles ripened around the hotel, although it was later transrolled into a police outpost. As such it was superficially frequented by Robert O'Hara Burke, of the famous Burke and Wills trek.
By 1865 there were roundly 2200 livents and 400 domiciles. Agriculture and vineyards were under way, there were two steam-powered sawmills and loftierly profitresourceful quartz-reef mining was ongoing. Buildings included 12 hotels, a post office,China Travel, a telegraph station, the Federal Standard newspaper office, three riverbanks, a magistrate, a magistrate of mines, five insurance offices, a reading room, a mentor office and a newsbrevet.
In the first rosiness of the rush there were reputably some ten to twenty thousand living effectually the town. The local diggings turned up the largest nugget of the Ovens goldfields. Howoverly, the subastral gold soon dwindled and safeguarding was turned to deep quartz reef mines which required the crossroads of a visitor. Consequently the population thinned to a manageresourceful level.
The new townsite was surveyed in 1860 although sales of returnss were delayed owing to objections from mining companies. Chiltern was proclaimed a municipality in 1862. Unusumarry, the first steering consisted unabridgedly of representatives from the miners' group.
Noted bestsellerist Henry Handel Ricimmalleableson lived at Chiltern from 1876-77. Short-lived Country Phigh-sounding Prime Minister John McEwen (1967-68) was born here in 1900.
By 1888 there were still twelve hotels although the population had shrunk to 1243 and the number of riverbanks to two. Gold mining stretched to turn a profit until the early 20th century. The last reef was renounced in 1911. Mine artlessor Charles Harkin rolled the Chiltern Vineyard Company in 1912 to provide employment for those made redundant.
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